Friday, September 30, 2016

Victorian Carriages Part 2- Phaeton and Tilbury



Nothing establishes a Victorian setting like carriage wheels rolling down a cobblestone street. For something so iconic, a little more information really immerses games session into the world of gaslight.
Until the 1900s, the word carriage effectively meant a vehicle for transporting people, encompassing a plethora of vehicles. In the 1850s, carriages became more economical and more focused on carrying passengers comfortably. More and more middleclass families bought carriages causing an even greater variety in use, design, and levels of luxury.
This series of posts focuses on different sorts of carriages, and gives Game Masters enough information to make any ride, chase, escape or traffic accident unique.

Phaeton/Victoria

In the late 1700s all fashionable gentlemen clamored to drive a Phaeton. Pulled by one horse or two, the light open carriage with four large wheels could reach incredible speeds, turn well, and looked very dashing. The Phaeton did not need a driver’s seat, as its owners often wanted the thrill of driving themselves. The most stylish Phaetons (called High Flyers) had oversized wheels, and high mountings making them exciting, and dangerous.
That danger is why Phaeton’s are named after Phaethon, son of the Greek sun god Helios, who once drove the chariot of the sun. Phaethon lost control the chariot and drove too close to the earth. To prevent the chariot from burning the world, Zeus stopped it with a lightning bolt, killing Phaethon.
Tastes change, and modifications in design gave the Phaeton a broader appeal.  Safer, lower Phaetons with better springs led to even more diversity of design, such as Phaetons with a collapsible top, Phaeton’s with larger wheels in the back, and  Phaetons with a seat in the back for footmen.
King George IV wanted the joy of driving his Phaeton, but with more comfortable seating and an easier entry. In 1824, he commissioned a carriage similar to the Phaeton with a much lower body, smaller wheels, a foldable hooded top, and a wider seat. The resulting carriage went by many names: the Pony Phaeton, The Queen’s Phaeton, and the Victoria.
The Victoria’s gentle ride, pulled by a mule or pony, and the ease of entry made it a popular ladies’ carriage as more and more women began to drive.

Tilbury/Stanhope



The Tilbury

The Stanhope


A fast sporty subset of carriages, gigs have two wheels, light open carriages, springs for a smoother ride, and are pulled by one horse. Their speed and light bodies made them popular in racing, but also made them prone to terrible accidents.
In the early 1800s, Tilbury (a carriage manufacturer of London) designed two very popular gigs: The Tilbury and the Stanhope.  Carriage maker, John Tilbury, and the Hon. Henry FitzRoy Stanhope collaborated together on the design of their gigs, with Stanhope providing financial support, and Tilbury the manufacturing.
The Tillbury gig has a high padded seat and backrest curving with the back of the carriage body, a wooden dashboard panel in the front, and a small metal grill for luggage in the rear. The two large wheels and a complex system of leaf springs kept the ride smooth on bumpy roads.
After naming the Tilbury after himself, John Tilbury decided to name their next collaboration after his patron, Stanhope. Stanhope enjoyed driving and racing, giving him numerous ideas for the next generation gig.
In 1816, Tilbury produced the Stanhope. The Stanhope’s sleeker appearance and more efficient design lead to its use in horse-races, both in Europe and America. The rubber rimmed wheels, modern spring design, and increased space for luggage lead to much imitation in gig design.
By the 1850s, both models fell out of favor, but Tilburys and Stanhopes remained popular, often seen racing over dirt roads or in carriage accident reports.

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